Publications

Five decades of research shaping dryland policy and practice

From field reports to peer-reviewed journals - five decades of dryland knowledge.

CETRAD's research record spans water resources, land use, livelihoods, climate adaptation, and ecosystem management across the Ewaso Ng'iro basin and Kenya's broader ASAL region. The earliest Laikipia Reports date to 1985. The most recent peer-reviewed work was published in 2023. The full archive is held across three repositories.

70+

publications in total

5

series and collection types

1985

first Laikipia Report published

1,900+

citations on ResearchGate

2023

Gambella Wetland Restoration: Community-Based Approaches to Springs Stewardship

CETRAD / Wyss Academy - Report

Documents the methodology and outcomes of the Gambella Wetland restoration project, including the planting of 6,000+ native trees, revival of two dried springs, and the establishment of a community stewardship model that was officially handed over to local governance.

2022

GIS Capacity Building for KCEP-CRAL: Training 221 Officers Across 8 Counties

CETRAD / IFAD - Technical Report

Details the methodology for establishing 17 GIS units across 8 Kenyan counties, training 73 government officers in GIS/remote sensing and 221 in smartphone-based data collection for agricultural and environmental monitoring.

2021

Water-Energy-Food Nexus in the Upper Ewaso Ng'iro Basin

CETRAD Research - Research Paper

Presents an integrated analysis of water, energy, and food system interactions in the upper Ewaso Ng'iro basin using LEAP and WEAP modelling tools, providing actionable policy recommendations for county governments on resource allocation.

2020

Hotspots of Water Scarcity and Conflicts in the Ewaso Ng'iro North Basin

CETRAD Research - Report

Establishes baseline environmental flow requirements for the Ewaso Ng'iro River using 50 years of continuous hydrological data, mapping hotspots of water scarcity and conflict across the basin.

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2019

Invasive Species Management in Laikipia: Opuntia and Prosopis

CETRAD Research - Research Paper

Assesses the spread and impact of Opuntia and Prosopis invasive species in Laikipia County, evaluating management strategies including mechanical clearing, community-based monitoring, and the Isiolo Prosopis County Management Plan.

2018

Springs of the Upper Ewaso Ng'iro: Inventory and Conservation Status

CETRAD Research - Report

Comprehensive inventory of natural springs across the upper Ewaso Ng'iro basin, mapping their location, flow rates, water quality, and conservation status. Provides the baseline data that informed the Springs Stewardship Programme.

2017

Integrated Water Resources Management with Gender Perspective

CETRAD Research - Policy Brief

Analyzes gender disparities in water access and governance within ASAL communities, demonstrating that women manage 70-80% of household water collection but hold less than 20% of decision-making positions in Water Resource Users Associations.

2016

Kenya Atlas: Mapping Natural Resources for Sustainable Development

CETRAD / CDE - Atlas

Major cartographic publication providing comprehensive geospatial visualization of Kenya's natural resources, land use patterns, and socioeconomic indicators. Used by county governments and development agencies for spatial planning.

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Published in Mountain Research and Development, Climatic Change, Agriculture, and other journals

2023

Shaping Sustainable Socio-Ecological Landscapes in Africa: The Role of Transformative Research, Knowledge, and Partnerships

Providoli I., Zeleke G., Kiteme B., Bantider A., Mwangi J.

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2020

Beef Production in the Rangelands: A Comparative Assessment between Pastoralism and Large-Scale Ranching in Laikipia County, Kenya

Mwangi J., Owuor B., Kiteme B., Giger M.

Comparative analysis of pastoralist vs. large-scale ranching beef production systems in Laikipia, published in Agriculture.

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2018

The Impact of Commercial Horticulture on River Water Resources in the Upper Ewaso Ng'iro River Basin, Kenya

Lanari N., Liniger H., Kiteme B.

Quantifies the impact of commercial horticulture expansion on river flows in the upper Ewaso Ng'iro basin. Published in Mountain Research and Development.

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2010

Indigenous Knowledge Related to Climate Variability and Change: Insights from Droughts in Semi-Arid Areas of Former Makueni District, Kenya

Ifejika Speranza C., Kiteme B., Ambenje P., Wiesmann U., Makali S.

Documents how indigenous knowledge informs climate adaptation strategies in semi-arid Kenya. Published in Climatic Change.

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2005

Assessing and Managing Scarce Tropical Mountain Water Resources: The Case of Mount Kenya and the Semi-Arid Upper Ewaso Ng'iro Basin

Liniger H., Gikonyo J., Kiteme B., Wiesmann U.

Framework for integrated water resource management in tropical mountain systems. Published in Mountain Research and Development.

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2002

Preventing and Resolving Water Use Conflicts in the Mount Kenya Highland-Lowland System through Water Users' Associations

Kiteme B., Gikonyo J.

Pioneering research on Water Resource Users Associations as conflict resolution mechanisms. Published in Mountain Research and Development.

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2000

Mitigating Conflicts Over Scarce Water Resources in the Highland-Lowland System of Mount Kenya

Wiesmann U., Gichuki F., Kiteme B., Liniger H.

Foundational analysis of water conflicts between highland and lowland communities. Published in Mountain Research and Development.

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Major monographs published through the University of Bern's geographic research series

1985

Mount Kenya Area: Contributions to Ecology and Socio-Economy

Winiger M. (ed.)

1986

Hydrogeographical Map of Mount Kenya Area 1:50,000

Leibundgut Ch.

1987

Land Use in Transition: Aspects and Problems of Small Scale Farming in a New Environment

Kohler T.

Foundational study documenting the transition of land use patterns in Laikipia District as smallholder farmers settled in formerly ranching areas, analyzing the challenges and adaptation strategies in semi-arid conditions.

1990

Mount Kenya Area: Differentiation and Dynamics of a Tropical Mountain System

Winiger M., Wiesmann U., Rheker J.R. (eds.)

1992

Hydrogeographical Investigations in the Mount Kenya Subcatchment of the River Ewaso Ng'iro

Decurtins S.

Pioneering hydrological study that established the baseline flow data for the Ewaso Ng'iro basin, forming the foundation of what would become CETRAD's 50-year continuous dataset.

1998

Sustainable Regional Development in Rural Africa: Conceptual Framework and Case Studies from Kenya

Wiesmann U.

Defines the conceptual framework for sustainable development in African drylands that continues to underpin CETRAD's research approach. Uses Laikipia case studies to demonstrate how highland-lowland interactions shape regional development.

Field reports from the Laikipia Research Programme and early CETRAD research

1985

The use of Isotopes, Hydrochemistry and Geophysics in Groundwater Research in Laikipia District, Kenya

Schotter U., Mueller I.

1987

West Laikipia Report on Small-Scale Farming and How it Could be Assisted in Development

Kohler T.

1988

Resources of River in Eastern Laikipia: River Water Potential and Rural Water Supply

Decurtins S., Leibundgut C., Wetzel K.

1989

Bibliography of East African Mountains

Rhecker J.R., Taiti S.W., Winiger M.

1990

The Population Situation in Kenya: An Overview, and the Effects of Population Growth on the Environment

Ayiemba E.H.

1991

Urban Agriculture in the Third World: A Study of Nairobi and Its Environs

Obara D.A.

1992

Forest Management and Timber Industry at Mount Kenya

Rhecker J.R.

1995

A GIS Database Design for District and Rural Development Planning in Laikipia District

Hoesli T., Klingl T.

1995

Land Use Change Scenarios for Subdivided Ranches in Laikipia District

Hubner M., Opondo C.J. (eds.)

Research contributions on water resources, land use, livelihoods, and governance

1991

Socioeconomic Stratification and Small Stock Production in Mukogodo Division

Herren U.J.

1991

Strategy for Water Conservation in Laikipia District

Kithinji G.R.M., Liniger H.

1992

The Vegetation of Laikipia District, Kenya

Taiti S.W.

Comprehensive vegetation survey and classification of Laikipia District, providing the baseline ecological data for land use planning and conservation across the district.

1993

Water and Soil Resource Conservation and Utilization on the North West Side of Mt. Kenya

Liniger H.

Establishes the relationship between upstream water management and downstream availability in the Mt. Kenya ecosystem, demonstrating the critical role of soil conservation in sustaining water flows to semi-arid lowlands.

1993

The Potential of Small Scale Enterprises in West Laikipia

Kiteme B.P.

Early research by CETRAD's current director on non-farm economic opportunities in ASAL areas, demonstrating the potential for diversified livelihoods beyond pastoralism and small-scale farming.

1994

Development of Streamflow Model for Rural Catchments in Kenya

Thomas M.K.

1995

Smallholders in Laikipia District: Land Use Systems and Perceptions of Water Conservation and Agroforestry

Bachmann F.

1995

A Concept of Sustainable Use and Its Implications for Research in a Dynamic Regional Context

Wiesmann U.

1997

Social Network Ties and Informal Leadership Structure in Central Division of Laikipia District

Muhombe C.

1998

Gender Roles and Equity in Livestock Production among Immigrant Smallholder Farmers in Laikipia

Opondo J.C., Wembah-Rashid J.A.R.

1991

Water Supply Systems in Small Scale Farms and Pastoralist Areas of Laikipia District

Wiesmann U. - MSc Thesis

1994

Rainfall Data: Additional Stations of Good Quality in the Upper Ewaso Ng'iro Basin

Thomas M.K., Liniger H. - Research Data

1994

Preliminary Soil Conditions of Ngenia, Rumuruti, Mukogondo, and Sirima Catchment Sites

Mainga P.M., Wanjogu S.N., Mbuvi J.P. - Research Data

1995

A Feasibility Study on the Storage of Flood-flow in the Laikipia District

Kivumbi D. - MSc Thesis

1995

Runoff and Soil Loss in Mukogodo: Implications for the Rehabilitation of Denuded Semi-Arid Lands

Mutunga C.N., Thomas D.B., Liniger H. - Research Paper

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Our full archive includes over 70 publications spanning five decades. Contact us for access to specific reports, datasets, or research outputs.

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